The smart Trick of Birefringent Crystal That Nobody is Discussing

The smart Trick of Birefringent Crystal That Nobody is Discussing

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各向异性透明晶体如方解石、石英等的折射率，是其固有的特性，称为永久双折射。

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The polarization dependence with the refractive index might have several different outcomes, a few of which can be remarkably significant in nonlinear optics and laser technological know-how:

Therefore, Each individual light-weight ray entering the crystal is split into an ordinary and an extraordinary ray that emerge within the distant stop with the crystal as linearly polarized rays having their electric area vectors vibrating in planes which might be mutually perpendicular.

For optical fibers together with other waveguides, the distinction between uniaxial and biaxial won't use, Considering that the propagation way is basically determined by the waveguide.

类似的，激光光束在存在热效应诱导的双折射效应的激光器晶体中传输时，偏振态也发生变化。这一变化与位置有关，因为双折射轴方向是变化的（例如，通常是轴向变化）。这一变化（与激光器谐振腔中的偏振光元件结合）是去极化损耗的来源。 

For an optical ingredient with a few birefringence, one can specify the retardance, that's the difference in period shifts for The 2 polarization Instructions.

即使是各向同性介质，也会由于存在不均匀的机械应力而产生双折射。这可以在两个交叉偏振器间放置一块有机玻璃观察：当施加应力到有机玻璃上，可以看到由于应力诱导的与波长相关的双折射效应而产生的彩色图像。

Not just the refractive index, but also the group index becomes polarization-dependent. This matters e.g. for the propagation of ultrashort pulses: components with various polarization propagate with distinct group velocities.

双折射现象的明显例子是方解石。透过方解石的菱面体就可以看到明显重影。

Quantitative Assessment with the interference colours noticed in birefringent samples is frequently achieved by consulting a Michel-Levy chart similar to the one particular illustrated in Determine 9. As is evident from this graph, the polarization hues visualized while in the microscope and recorded on to film or captured digitally may be correlated with the actual retardation, thickness, and birefringence with the specimen. The chart is comparatively simple to operate with birefringent samples if two with the a few expected variables are identified. Once the specimen is placed concerning crossed polarizers while in the microscope and rotated into a posture of utmost brightness with any one of a range of retardation plates, the color visualized in the eyepieces is usually traced to the retardation axis to discover the wavelength difference between the ordinary and extraordinary waves passing from the specimen.

Alternatively, by measuring the refractive indices of an anisotropic specimen and calculating their difference (the birefringence), the interference colour(s) is usually established with the birefringence values along the top of your chart. By extrapolating the angled lines back into the ordinate, the thickness of your specimen will also be believed.

Straight optical fibers will often be nominally symmetric, but Even so show some small degree of random birefringence on account of tiny deviations website from excellent symmetry �?for instance because of bending, other mechanical tension or compact microscopic irregularities.

尽管光纤本身不具有双折射，光纤光学中常常遇到双折射效应：有时双折射来自于光纤弯曲（引起弯曲损耗）和随机扰动。并且还存在保偏光纤。 

A willpower with the birefringence indicator by analytical approaches is used to segregate anisotropic specimens into categories, which are termed either positively or negatively birefringent. The birefringence of the specimen is just not a fixed benefit, but will vary with the orientation of your crystal relative into the incident angle from the illumination.